Resumen: La migraña es una enfermedad que se ha visto asociada a defectos septales auriculares y a su cierre percutáneo, estipulándose en la literatura que sería una rara complicación, pero la evidencia al respecto es escasa. Se realizó una revisión narrativa sobre definiciones, epidemiología, fisiopatología y tratamiento de la migraña y de la entidad migraña poscierre percutáneo de defectos del septum auricular, incluyendo trabajos observacionales (retrospectivos, prospectivos), estudios randomizados, reportes de casos, artículos de revisión y metaanálisis existentes en PubMed y Cochrane, para aportar al conocimiento de esta entidad.

Abstract: Migraine is a disease that has been associated with atrial septal defects and its percutaneous closure, stipulating in the literature that it would be a rare complication, but evidence is scarce. A narrative review was conducted on definitions, epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment of migraine and the migraine entity after percutaneous closure of atrial septum defects, including observational studies (retrospective, prospective), randomized studies, case reports, review articles and meta-analyses existing in PubMed and Cochrane, to contribute to the knowledge of this entity.

Resumo: A enxaqueca é uma doença que tem sido associada a defeitos do septo atrial e seu fechamento percutâneo, estipulando na literatura que seria uma complicação rara, mas as evidências são escassas. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa sobre definições, epidemiologia, fisiopatologia e tratamento da enxaqueca e da entidade migranosa após fechamento percutâneo de defeitos do septo atrial, incluindo estudos observacionais (retrospectivos, prospectivos), estudos randomizados, relatos de caso, artigos de revisão e metanálises existentes no PubMed e Cochrane, para contribuir com o conhecimento dessa entidade.

Abstract This article discusses the theoretical, methodological, and instrumentation considerations with which it is possible and necessary to work to assist in the detection of human remains in submerged contexts in a scientific, systematic, and reproducible manner. This work is also co-participating in the purpose of making archeology a tool to help close deeply painful processes among families who have suffered losses in the serious context of forced disappearances in Mexico today. The following key elements are considered as part of the analysis: 1) the need for an explicitly theoretical development in archeology that incorporates strategies for solving questions, as is the case with processual archaeology; 2) the analysis of taphonomic alterations that will affect a human body and that appear in the scenario of a submerged context, and, 3) the development of a surveying methodology that incorporates state-of-the-art technologies in contemporary maritime archaeology, with an emphasis on positioning instrumentation, geophysics, robotics, photogrammetry, and technical and scientific diving.

Resumen Este artículo discute las consideraciones teóricas, metodológicas y de instrumentación con las que es posible y necesario trabajar para auxiliar en la detección de restos humanos en contextos sumergidos de una manera científica, sistemática, y reproducible. Esta labor es también copartícipe del propósito de hacer de la arqueología una herramienta para ayudar a cerrar procesos profundamente dolorosos entre las familias que han sufrido pérdidas en el grave contexto actual de desapariciones forzadas en México. Se consideran como parte del análisis los siguientes elementos clave: 1) la necesidad de un desarrollo explícitamente teórico en arqueología que incorpora estrategias para la resolución de preguntas, como es el caso de la arqueología procesual; 2) el análisis de las alteraciones tafonómicas que afectarán a un cuerpo humano y que se presentan en el escenario de un contexto sumergido, y, 3) el desarrollo de una metodología de prospección que incorpora tecnologías de punta de lanza en la arqueología marítima contemporánea, con énfasis en instrumentación de posicionamiento, geofísica marina, fotogrametría, robótica y buceo técnico y científico.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir los tipos de cateterismo cardiaco que se realizan en el único laboratorio de hemodinamia pediátrica dentro de la red de salud pública de El Salvador, en colaboración con organizaciones sin fines de lucro. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de corte transversal en el periodo entre mayo de 2022 a enero de 2023, revisando los expedientes de todos los pacientes que pasaron a cateterismo cardiaco. Resultados: Se realizaron 54 procedimientos dentro de la sala de hemodinamia, 37 pacientes de sexo femenino. El peso fue de 20.6 ± 14.5 kg, de los procedimientos, 47 (87%) fueron terapéuticos y 7 (13%) diagnósticos. La oclusión del conducto arterioso se realizó en el 46% de los pacientes. No se reportaron complicaciones, los pacientes fueron dados de alta luego de 12 horas, todos los insumos fueron donados por fundaciones sin fines de lucro. Conclusiones: Nuestro laboratorio de hemodinamia realiza procedimientos de complejidad variada sin reportar hasta el momento complicaciones mayores. Nos vemos limitados debido al costo alto de algunos dispositivos, a la baja frecuencia de la utilización de estos y a la imposibilidad para adquirirlos en el mercado nacional.

Abstract Objective: To describe the types of cardiac catheterization that are performed in the only pediatric catheterization laboratory within the public health network of El Salvador, in collaboration with non-profit organizations. Material and method: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in the period from May 2022 to January 2023, reviewing the records of all patients who underwent cardiac catheterization. Results: 54 procedures were performed in the catheterization room, 37 female patients. The weight was 20.6 ± 14.5 kg, of the procedures, 47 (87%) were therapeutic and 7 (13%) diagnostic. Occlusion of the ductus arteriosus was performed in 46% of the patients. No complications were reported, the patients were discharged after 12 hours, all supplies were donated by non-profit foundations. Conclusions: Our catheterization laboratory performs procedures of varied complexity without reporting any major complications to date. We are limited due to the high cost of some devices, the low frequency of their use and the impossibility of acquiring them in the national market.

Resumo As doenças causadas pelos nemátodes fitoparasitas permanecem uma considerável limitação á produção agrícola global. Um crescente número substâncias activas, utilizadas em formulações nematicidas comerciais, têm sido proibidas por políticas comuns de gestão de pragas, devido a preocupações ambientais e de saúde humana. Muitas vezes, os pesticidas de substituição demonstram uma menor eficiência no campo, o que se reflete num decréscimo do rendimento e da produtividade agrícola. O desenvolvimento de novos biopesticidas de alta eficiência para o combate de pragas e doenças das culturas é urgente e permitirá dar resposta adequada à crescente necessidade de produtos agrícolas, respeitando as novas políticas ambientais. As co-culturas planta-nemátode permitem uma despistagem simultânea da eficiência nematodicida de um composto e da sua influência nos tecidos vegetais do hospedeiro, num sistema facilmente acessível que simula a infecção natural. O laboratório de Nematologia do INIAV encontra-se a desenvolver estes sistemas e foram já obtidos resultados preliminares para as co-culturas de Solanum lycopersicum com o nemátode Meloidogyne ethiopica e S. tuberosum com Globodera pallida. Em ensaios futuros outros nemátodes fitoparasitas serão avaliados, como os nemátodes das lesões da raíz (Pratylenchus penetrans) em raízes transgénicas de batata e do nemátode da madeira do pinheiro (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) em rebentos in vitro de pinheiro (Pinus sp.).

Abstract The diseases caused by plant parasitic nematodes are still a serious constraint to modern global crop production. An increasing number of active compounds in commercial nematicidal formulations is being banned from use by common policies of pest management. Farmer communities report a low efficiency for the replacement pesticides, which reflects on crop yield and productivity. Novel sustainable biopesticides are urgently needed to cope with global food demands while respecting the most recent environmental policies. Plant-nematode co-cultures offer a stable biotechnological screening tool able to assess the active compound’s nematicidal activity and its effect on host tissues, simultaneously, in an easily accessible system that simulates natural infection. These systems are being developed and optimized at the Nematology laboratory of INIAV. Preliminary results were obtained for co-cultures of Solanum lycopersicum with the nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica and S. tuberosum with Globodera pallida. Future studies will target other plant parasitic nematodes, e.g., the root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans) in transgenic roots of potato and the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) on in vitro pine shoots (Pinus sp.).

Abstract Calcium phosphates are important bioceramic materials used for bioactive coatings for metal implants. In the present study, calcium phosphate powders were synthesized by chemical precipitation method using Ca(NO3 ) 2 and (NH4 ) 2 HPO4 . X-ray diffraction technique was used to perform a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the crystalline phases present in the material using Scherrer, Williamson-Hall, and Rietveld methods. The sample is constituted by 75 weight % of monetite (CaHPO4 ) and 25 weight % of brushite (CaHPO4 .H2 O), with an average crystallite size within the submicrometer order. Scanning electron microscopy shows agglomerated particles, with an average size of 2,8 ± 1 µm and different morphologies. Elemental analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed an average calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) molar ratio of 0.95, which is consistent with monetite and brushite phases. Finally, the presence of both phases is mainly attributed to the low pH during the reaction and the drying process after the synthesis.

Resumen Los fosfatos de calcio son materiales biocerámicos de gran importancia utilizados en el área de recubrimientos bioactivos para implantes metálicos. En el presente estudio, una muestra de fosfatos de calcio fue sintetizada mediante el método de precipitación química a partir de Ca(NO3 ) 2 y (NH4 ) 2 HPO4 . La técnica de difracción de rayos-X fue utilizada para realizar un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de las fases cristalinas presentes en el material mediante los métodos de Scherrer, Williamson-Hall y Rietveld. Se determinó que la muestra está constituida en un 75 % en masa de monetita (CaHPO4 ) y un 25 % en masa de brushita (CaHPO4 .H2 O), con tamaños promedio de cristalito en el orden submicrométrico. El análisis mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido muestra que las partículas se encuentran altamente aglomeradas, con un tamaño promedio de 2,8 ± 1 µm y morfología variada. El análisis elemental por espectroscopia de energía dispersiva de rayos-X reveló una relación molar calcio/fósforo (Ca/P) promedio de 0,95, lo cual concuerda con las fases cristalinas de monetita y brushita. Por último, la presencia de ambas fases se debe principalmente a los bajos niveles de pH durante la reacción y al secado de la muestra posterior al proceso de síntesis.

Abstract Catheter ablation is useful for reducing drug refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT) episodes and can be life-saving when VT is incessant or arrhythmic storm. Left ventricular hemodynamic support may be required in patients with VT and hemodynamic instability. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support is an alternative to achieve ventricular tachycardia mapping and ablation over long periods of time. We present a case of successful catheter ablation of substrate in a patient with ischemic heart disease and ventricular tachycardia with hemodynamic instability performed using venous- arterial ECMO support. There were not episodes of ventricular tachycardia after 2 years of follow-up.

Resumen La ablación con catéter de taquicardia ventricular ha demostrado mejorar la supervivencia y algunas veces es el único tratamiento efectivo, sobre todo en tormenta arrítmica; sin embargo la presencia de inestabilidad hemodinámica dificulta el procedimiento. El soporte con oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea (ECMO) es una alternativa para lograr el mapeo y ablación de taquicardia ventricular durante largos periodos de tiempo. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con cardiopatía isquémica y taquicardia ventricular con inestabilidad hemodinámica, en quien se realiza la ablación exitosa del sustrato mediante soporte con ECMO veno-arterial, sin episodios de taquicardia ventricular durante dos años de seguimiento.

Agathisflavone is a natural biflavone with restricted occurrence in plants. This biflavone presents several biological activities and can be important to developing new drugs. Obtaining such a molecule on a large scale for in vivo tests is a challenge. To date, there are no reports regarding its synthesis; thus, it is important to improve and develop methods for the purification of this bioactive compound from natural sources. Previous studies indicated that the leaves of Poincianella pyramidalis (Leguminosae) had agathisflavone predominantly. However, obtaining this compound requires some steps of chromatographic procedures and extraction with organic solvents. This paper compares four procedures for the purification of agathisflavone from its leaves, two by traditional chromatographic techniques and by complexation with inorganic bases. The purification in the automatic flash chromatography in two steps provides a high-yield extraction; the two procedures using alkaline extraction and the traditional method reduced to three steps provided the compound with similar yields. The biflavone was identified by TLC, and HPLC analysis showed that it was isolated with > 99% of purity. Thus, the applied methodologies provided the purification of this compound employing less volume of solvents, the number of chromatographic column procedures, and time-consuming, with increased yields.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of prolactin (PRL) on the migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the expression of E-cadherin. Methods: We used the wound healing assays to evaluate the migration of MCF-7 cells and the Western blot technique to evaluate the expression of E-cadherin. Results: The results show that PRL produced an increase in the migration of MCF-7 cells without inducing a reduction in the expression of E-cadherin. Conclusions: Prolactin significantly increased the migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cell line without inducing an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which could be related to a collective type of migration.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la prolactina (PRL) sobre la migración de las células de cáncer de mama MCF-7 y la expresión de E-cadherina. Métodos: Utilizamos los ensayos de rasgado y cierre de herida para evaluar la migración de las células MCF-7 y la técnica de Western blot para evaluar la expresión de E-cadherina. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que la prolactina produjo un incremento en la migración de las células MCF-7 sin inducir una reducción en la expresión de E-cadherina. Conclusiones: La prolactina incrementó significativamente la migración de la línea celular de cáncer de mama MCF-7 sin inducir una transición epitelial-mesenquimal (TEM), lo cual podría estar relacionado con una migración de tipo colectivo.

Resumen Se realizó una caracterización geomecánica de un túnel guía para la explotación de oro en la mina Yaraguá (Continental Gold Limited) en el Municipio de Buriticá (Antioquia). El proceso de caracterización comprendió la clasificación del macizo rocoso mediante los sistemas de clasificación RMR y Q, análisis de secciones delgadas, ensayos de velocidad de ondas P, carga puntual simple y resistencia a compresión uniaxial y triaxial. Las rocas analizadas se clasificaron como basaltos, andesitas, dioritas y brechas, todas con minerales como magnetita, carbonatos y de pirita. En los ensayos de velocidad de ondas, las rocas alcanzaron un 70% de la velocidad teórica, mostrando índices de continuidad que están en el intervalo de fuerte a intermedia. La resistencia a compresión uniaxial en el intervalo de 42 MPa y 134 MPa. El comportamiento de las rocas bajo las cargas en el ensayo de compresión triaxial muestra una tendencia frágil a frágil-dúctil y con una resistencia máxima en el intervalo de 130 MPa a 150 MPa. A partir de todos estos ensayos se determinó que hay dos tipos de fallamiento asociado a la mineralización: ya sea a través de venillas o por zonas de acumulación de sulfuros.

Abstract It was performed a geomechanically characterization of a guiding tunnel for the exploitation of gold in the Yaraguá mine (Continental Gold Limited) in the Municipality of Buriticá (Antioquia). The characterization process included the classification of the rock mass by the RMR and the Q systems, analysis of thin sections, tests such as the P-wave velocity, the point load test and the uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. The analyzed rocks classify as basalts, andesite, diorite and breccia, all with compound-minerals such as magnetite, carbonates and pyrite. In the wave velocity tests, the rocks have reached 70% of theoretical speed, giving continuity indices in the interval of strong to medium. The uniaxial compressive strength is between 42 MPa and 134 MPa. The behavior of the rocks under the loads in the triaxial compression test shows a fragile to fragile-ductile tendency and its peak resistance are in the interval from 130 MPa to 150 MPa. Finally, upon all these tests, one concludes that there are two types of failure associated with mineralization: either through veins or by sulphide accumulation zones.

Abstract Ostrea chilensis (Küster, 1844), the flat oyster, is native to Chile and New Zealand. In Chile, it occurs in a few natural beds, from the northern part of Chiloé Island (41 ºS) to the Guaitecas Archipelago (45 ºS). This bivalve is slow growing, broods its young, and has very limited dispersal potential. The Ostrea chilensis fishery has been over-exploited for a number of decades such that in some locations oysters no longer exist. The aim of this study was to study the genetic diversity of the Chilean flat oyster along its natural distribution to quantify the possible impact of the dredge fishery on wild populations. The genetic structure and diversity of Ostrea chilensis from six natural beds with different histories of fishing activity were estimated. Based on mitochondrial (Cytb) and nuclear (ITS1) DNA sequence variation, our results provide evidence that genetic diversity is different among populations with recent history of wild dredge fishery efforts. We discuss the possible causes of these results. Ultimately, such new information may be used to develop and apply new management measures to promote the sustainable use of this valuable marine resource.